Best Books To Prepare For GATE Engineering Sciences (XE) Examination

GATE XE Exam Pattern/ Structure

GATE Engineering Science (XE) Test/Exam Pattern (Based on last 3 years papers)
GATE General Aptitude + Engineering Mathematics Questions:

Exam/Test/Paper contains 20(out of 65) questions that test the “General Aptitude + Engineering Mathematics” (language and analytic skills, Linear Algebra, Calculus, Vector Calculus, Complex Variables, Ordinary Differential Equations, Probability and Statistics, Numerical Methods)and carry a total of 30 marks (out of 100), apart from the core subject of Engineering Science (XE).

GATE Engineering Science (XE) Questions:

Exam/Test/Paper contains 45 (out of 65) questions that test the “Tech” (any 2 sections out of 6 –> Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics, Solid Mechanics, Material Science, Polymer Science, Atmosphere and Ocean Science, and Food Technology)and carry a total of 70 marks (out of 100).

Duration and examination type: The examination is of 3 hours duration, and contains a total of 65 questions worth a maximum of 100 marks. From 2014 onward, the examination for all the papers is carried out in an online Computer Based Test (CBT) mode where the candidates are shown the questions in a random sequence on a computer screen. The questions consist of both multiple choice questions (four answer options out of which the correct one has to be chosen) and numerical answer type questions (answer is a real number, to be entered via an on-screen keypad and computer mouse). Candidates are provided with scribble pads for rough work and these have to be returned after the examination. At the end of the 3-hour window, the computer automatically closes the screen from further actions.

5 Very Important & Best Tips To Crack GATE Engg. Sciences (XE)

How Should I Plan My GATE Engineering Sciences (XE) Preparation

In our experience, there are 5 different stages in which students find themselves while preparing for GATE Engineering Sciences (XE). Identify your stage and plan accordingly.

Best Test Series For GATE Engg. Sciences (XE) Exam Preparation In India.

There are many good Test Series for GATE Engg. Sciences (XE) Exam Preparation. But student should be able to identify the good and the not so good test series before making a purchase.

The key points to note are –

1. Many Test Series are very tough and are not of GATE Engg. Sciences (XE) level. Most Questions of GATE Engg. Sciences (XE) can be solved in maximum of 3-4 minutes. But if a test series gives questions which a student will take many steps to calculate and 8-10 minutes to solve, then test series is not having GATE Engg. Sciences (XE) type of questions.
2. Many institutes who train both for GATE and IES mix questions from both types of tests.
   This is not a good test series as the type and style of questions of both exams are different.
3. Blocking Test Series:
   Some institutes have a practice of blocking your test series if you do not submit your GATE Admit Card details. This is an illegal practice. When you have purchased a product, at no point does any institute have the right to block access on such frivolous grounds.
4. CAREER AVENUES provides an excellent Test Series for the GATE Engg. Sciences (XE) Branch.

Here are the features of Career Avenues GATE Engg. Sciences (XE) Test Series.

1. GATE Engg. Sciences (XE) like platform including virtual calculator.
2. Strong GATE Engg. Sciences (XE) test analysis that help you understand your strong and weak areas.
3. Require very little internet bandwidth.
4. Can be answered on Smart-Phones as well.
5. All numerical questions with detailed explanations.
6. All India Rankings for select mock papers.
7. Questions made by GATE Engg. Sciences (XE) toppers, of the perfect level.

NPTEL Videos And GATE Engg. Sciences (XE) Exam Preparation

1. NPTEL Videos are great videos for learning a subject. They have been made by the best teachers in India, and are very detailed.
   However, in our opinion, they are only partly useful for GATE Engg. Sciences (XE) exam prepararion.
2. The NPTEL Videos were not made from the perspective to coach for GATE Engg. Sciences (XE). They were made to teach/explain a subject. It is similar to subject books written by good authors. They teach the entire subject.
3. But GATE Engg. Sciences (XE) is focused on a few parts of the subject and is more application oriented.
4. So you should ideally use some GATE Engg. Sciences (XE) focused study material or Video Lectures to prepare for GATE Engg. Sciences (XE). In parts of the subject where you may want to go in depth, you may refer to NPTEL Videos.

Click on the relevant links given below to access Past GATE Engg Sciences Papers & Answer Keys of any GATE 2018, GATE 2017, GATE 2016, GATE 2015, GATE 2014 & GATE 2013 years of your choice.
GATE Engg Sciences Past Papers & Answer Keys

• Given below are the links to GATE Engg Sciences papers and their answer keys for years 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 & 2018 as published by the IITs.
• Going through the test papers will give you an excellent idea about the nature of GATE, the level of difficulty, the type of questions, etc.
• It would be best that you try to answer these tests seriously in a 3-hour period to get the maximum benefit out of it.

GATE 2018 Engg. Sciences Paper
XE-A-GATE-2018-Paper
XE-B-GATE-2018-Paper
XE-C-GATE-2018-Paper
XE-D-GATE-2018-Paper
XE-E-GATE-2018-Paper
XE-F-GATE-2018-Paper
XE-G-GATE-2018-Paper
XE-H-GATE-2018-Paper

GATE 2018 Engg. Sciences Answer Key
XE-GATE-2018-Answer-Key

GATE 2017 Engg. Sciences Paper
XE-A-GATE-2017-Paper
XE-B-GATE-2017-Paper
XE-C-GATE-2017-Paper
XE-D-GATE-2017-Paper
XE-E-GATE-2017-Paper
XE-F-GATE-2017-Paper
XE-G-GATE-2017-Paper
XE-H-GATE-2017-Paper

GATE 2017 Engg. Sciences Answer Key
XE-GATE-2017-Answer-Key

GATE 2016 Engg. Sciences Paper
XE-A-GATE-2016-Paper
XE-B-GATE-2016-Paper
XE-C-GATE-2016-Paper
XE-D-GATE-2016-Paper
XE-E-GATE-2016-Paper
XE-F-GATE-2016-Paper
XE-G-GATE-2016-Paper

GATE 2016 Engg. Sciences Answer Key
XE-GATE-2016-Answer-Key

GATE 2015 Engg. Sciences Paper
XE-A-GATE-2015-Paper
XE-B-GATE-2015-Paper
XE-C-GATE-2015-Paper
XE-D-GATE-2015-Paper
XE-E-GATE-2015-Paper
XE-F-GATE-2015-Paper
XE-G-GATE-2015-Paper

GATE 2015 Engg. Sciences Answer Key
XE1-GATE-2015-Answer-Keys

GATE 2014 Engg. Sciences Paper
XE2014GATE-Paper

GATE 2014 Engg. Sciences Anwer Key
XE 2014-GATE-Answer-Keys

GATE 2013 Engg. Sciences Paper
XE-GATE-2013-Paper

GATE 2013 Engg. Sciences Answer Key
XE 2013-GATE-Answer-Keys

CAREER AVENUES provides best training for GATE Engg Sciences through its various programs. You can find more details using link given below:

Go To Main GATE Engg Sciences Engineering Page   

If you wish to know more about GATE Engg Sciences Tests, GATE Engg Sciences 2019, GATE Engg Sciences 2020 and GATE Engg Sciences 2021 Coaching, Study Material, Books, & Video Lecture Courses then click on the quick links given at the bottom of this page. If you have any questions regarding GATE Engg Sciences Course Enrollment you can Call Us or Whatsapp Chat With Us or Message Us; details are given at the bottom of this page. Furthermore; you can visit any of our Mumbai GATE Coaching, Delhi GATE Coaching, Chennai GATE Coaching, Chandigarh GATE Coaching, Ludhiana GATE Coaching, Jalandhar GATE Coaching, Hyderabad GATE Coaching and Trivandtrum GATE Coaching center Locations for counseling.GATE Engg Sciences Coaching | CAREER AVENUES

When Should I Start Preparation For GATE Engineering Sciences (XE)

The best time to start preparing for GATE Engineering Sciences (XE) is the first time you heard or thought about it while purshuing graduate degree in engineering. Now as per our experience, there are mainly 5 different time-period in which students normally hear or think about GATE Engineering Sciences (XE) Exam. Identify your time-period and start preparing accordingly.

Steps And Strategy To Prepare For GATE Engineering Science (XE) Exam

1. Take a diagnostic test – best diagnostic test is a GATE paper of any of the previous 3 years.
2. Note down what you have scored and what was the actual GATE qualifying score cut-off. Note that qualification does not help you much. What you need is a good score. So note the good score mentioned above and measure the gap between your score and a good score.
3. Note the GATE syllabus and mark your topics that you are good at. First try to master subjects that you are good at.
4. However, some subjects like have a high weightage. So you should definitely prepare these.
5. General Aptitude does not require preparation. It requires practice. So just practice solving Aptitude questions every day for 30 minutes.
6. Mathematics may have a very high weightage. But note that to get these 6-10 marks, what you have to study and practice is typically more than a core subject. So if you wish to eliminate some topics in Maths, it is fine. Master topics that you are good at.
7. Take lots of section tests and Mocks. Career Avenues provides an excellent test series for GATE Engineering Science (XE). For more details click here.
8. In case you require focused GATE study material and books, you should take Career Avenues GATE Engineering Science (XE) study material which has been made by IIT alumni and is focused towards GATE. For more details click here.

Best Study Material For GATE Engg. Sciences (XE) Exam Preparation In India

There are two types of GATE Engg. Sciences (XE) Exam Preparation Study Material:

1. Single Books for entire GATE Engg. Sciences (XE) Branch
   &
2. A Set Of Books (typically broken-up subject wise) for GATE Engg. Sciences (XE) Branch.

About GATE Engineering Sciences

• Engineering Science (XE) is a code of GATE paper and not an engineering branch. Students applying for Engineering Science paper can apply for various M.Tech courses in all IITs and NITs.
• Students pursuing B.Tech or B. E. in any subject can appear for the Engineering Science paper, as long as they match it with the entry criteria to the M.Tech specialization of their choice. The test has 2 compulsory parts in Engineering Mathematics and General Aptitude. Then the student has to choose 2 from the 7 optional subjects. The subjects are Fluid Mechanics, Thermodynamics, Material Science, Solid Mechanics, Polymer Science, Food Technology and Atmospheric and Ocean Science.
• Students who qualify in the GATE exam can apply to these colleges. GATE score is also valid for quite a few companies like ONGC, BSNL, GAIL, etc. Even private companies like L&T give preference to GATE qualified students.
• Career Avenues GATE Coaching provides best training for GATE Engineering Sciences through its various programs.
• Our students have consistently secured within AIR 50, over the last many years.
• You can find more details using link given below:

Go To Main GATE Engineering Sciences Page   If you wish to know more about GATE Engineering Sciences Tests, GATE 2019, GATE 2020 and GATE 2021 Coaching, Study Material, Books, Videos & Tests Courses then click on the quick links given at the bottom of this page. If you have any questions regarding GATE Engineering Sciences Course Enrollment you can Call Us or Whatsapp Chat With Us or Message Us; details are given at the bottom of this page. Furthermore; you can visit any of our Mumbai GATE Coaching, Delhi GATE Coaching, Chennai GATE Coaching, Chandigarh GATE Coaching, Ludhiana GATE Coaching, Jalandhar GATE Coaching, Hyderabad GATE Coaching and Trivandtrum GATE Coaching center office for counseling.

Being a GATE aspirant, it is very important that you first know what is the syllabus for GATE Engineering Science (XE) Examination before you start preparation.

Keep handy the updated copy of GATE Engineering Science (XE) Examination syllabus.

Go through the complete and updated syllabus, highlight important subjects and topics based on Past GATE Engineering Science (XE) Papers and Weightage plus your understanding of particular subject or topic.

Keep tracking and prioritising your preparation-to-do list and the syllabus for the GATE Engineering Science (XE) examination.

GATE 2018 Engineering Science (XE) Syllabus
XE-A Engineering Mathematics (Compulsory for all XE candidates)

Section 1: Linear Algebra

Algebra of real matrices: Determinant, inverse and rank of a matrix; System of linear equations (conditions for unique solution, no solution and infinite number of solutions); Eigen values and eigen vectors of matrices; Properties of eigen values and eigen vectors of symmetric matrices, diagonalization of matrices; Cayley-Hamilton Theorem.

Section 2: Calculus

Functions of Single Variable: Limit, indeterminate forms and L’Hospital’s rule; Continuity and differentiability; Mean value theorems; Maxima and minima; Taylor’s theorem; Fundamental theorem and mean value theorem of integral calculus; Evaluation of definite and improper integrals; Applications of definite integrals to evaluate areas and volumes (rotation of a curve about an axis).

Functions of Two Variables: Limit, continuity and partial derivatives; Directional derivative; Total derivative; Maxima, minima and saddle points; Method of Lagrange multipliers; Double integrals and their applications.

Sequences and Series: Convergence of sequences and series; Tests of convergence of series with non-negative terms (ratio, root and integral tests); Power series; Taylor’s series; Fourier Series of functions of period 2π.

Section 3: Vector Calculus

Gradient, divergence and curl; Line integrals and Green’s theorem.

Section 4: Complex variables

Complex numbers, Argand plane and polar representation of complex numbers; De Moivre’s theorem; Analytic functions; Cauchy-Riemann equations.

Section 5: Ordinary Differential Equations

First order equations (linear and nonlinear); Second order linear differential equations with constant coefficients; Cauchy-Euler equation; Second order linear differential equations with variable coefficients; Wronskian; Method of variation of parameters; Eigen value problem for second order equations with constant coefficients; Power series solutions for ordinary points.

Section 6: Partial Differential Equations

Classification of second order linear partial differential equations; Method of separation of variables: One-dimensional heat equation and two-dimensional Laplace equation.

Section 7: Probability and Statistics

Axioms of probability; Conditional probability; Bayes’ Theorem; Mean, variance and standard deviation of random variables; Binomial, Poisson and Normal distributions; Correlation and linear regression.

Section 8: Numerical Methods

Solution of systems of linear equations using LU decomposition, Gauss elimination method; Lagrange and Newton’s interpolations; Solution of polynomial and transcendental equations by Newton-Raphson method; Numerical integration by trapezoidal rule and Simpson’s rule; Numerical solutions of first order differential equations by explicit Euler’s method.

XE-B Fluid Mechanics

Section 1: Flow and Fluid Properties

Fluid Properties: Density, viscosity, surface tension, relationship between stress and strain- rate for Newtonian fluids.

Classification of Flows: Viscous versus inviscid flows, incompressible versus compressible flows, internal versus external flows, steady versus unsteady flows, laminar versus turbulent flows, 1-D, 2-D and 3-D flows, Newtonian versus non-Newtonian fluid flow.

Hydrostatics: Buoyancy, manometry, forces on submerged bodies and its stability.

Section 2: Kinematics of Fluid Motion

Eulerian and Lagrangian descriptions of fluid motion. Concept of local, convective and material derivatives. Streamline, streakline, pathline and timeline.

Section 3: Integral Analysis for a Control Volume

Reynolds Transport Theorem (RTT) for conservation of mass, linear and angular momentum.

Section 4: Differential Analysis

Differential equations of mass and momentum for incompressible flows. Inviscid flows – Euler equations and viscous flows – Navier-Stokes equations. Concept of fluid rotation, vorticity, stream function and circulation.

Exact solutions of Navier-Stokes equations for Couette flow and Poiseuille flow, thin film flow.

Section 5: Dimensional Analysis

Concept of geometric, kinematic and dynamic similarity. Buckingham Pi theorem and its applications.

Non-dimensional parameters and their physical significance – Reynolds number, Froude number and Mach number.

Section 6: Internal Flows

Fully developed pipe flow.

Empirical relations for laminar and turbulent flows: friction factor, Darcy-Weisbach relation and Moody’s chart. Major and minor losses.

Section 7: Bernoulli’s Equation and its Applications, Potential Flows

Bernoulli’s Equation: Assumptions and applications.

Flow measurements – Venturi meter, Pitot-static tube and orifice meter.

Elementary Potential Flows: Velocity potential function.

Uniform flow, source, sink and vortex, and their superposition for flow past simple geometries.

Section 8: External Flows

Prandtl Boundary Layer Equations: Concept and assumptions.

Boundary Layer Characteristics: Boundary layer thickness, displacement thickness and momentum thickness.

Ǫualitative idea of boundary layer separation, streamlined and bluff bodies, and drag and lift forces.

XE-C Materials Science

Section 1: Classification and Structure of Materials

Classification of Materials: Metals, ceramics, polymers and composites.

Nature of Bonding in Materials: Metallic, ionic, covalent and mixed bonding; structure of materials: fundamentals of crystallography, symmetry operations, crystal systems, Bravais lattices, unit cells, primitive cells, crystallographic planes and directions; structures of metals, ceramics, polymers, amorphous materials and glasses.

Defects in Crystalline Materials: 0-D, 1-D and 2-D defects; vacancies, interstitials, solid solutions in metals and ceramics, Frenkel and Schottky defects; dislocations; grain boundaries, twins, stacking faults; surfaces and interfaces.

Section 2: Thermodynamics, Kinetics and Phase Transformations

Extensive and intensive thermodynamic properties, laws of thermodynamics, phase equilibria, phase rule, phase diagrams (unary and binary), basic electrochemistry.

Reaction kinetics, fundamentals of diffusion, Fick’s laws, their solutions and applications.

Solidification of pure metals and alloys, nucleation and growth, diffusional solid-state phase transformations (precipitation and eutectoid), martensitic transformation.

Section 3: Properties and Applications of Materials

Mechanical properties of metals, ceramics, polymers and composites at room temperature; stress-strain response (elastic, anelastic and plastic deformation).

Electronic Properties: Free electron theory, Fermi energy, density of states, elements of band theory, semiconductors, Hall effect, dielectric behaviour, piezo- and ferro-electric behaviour.

Magnetic Properties: Origin of magnetism in materials, para-, dia-, ferro- and ferri- magnetism.

Thermal Properties: Specific heat, heat conduction, thermal diffusivity, thermal expansion, and thermoelectricity.

Optical Properties: Refractive index, absorption and transmission of electromagnetic radiation.

Examples of materials exhibiting the above properties, and their typical/common applications.

Section 4: Characterization and Measurements of Properties

X-ray diffraction; spectroscopic techniques such as UV-Vis, IR and Raman; optical microscopy, electron microscopy, composition analysis in electron microscopes. Tensile test, hardness measurement. Electrical conductivity, carrier mobility and concentrations. Thermal analysis techniques: thermogravimetry and calorimetry.

Section 5: Processing of Materials

Heat treatment of ferrous and aluminium alloys; preparation of ceramic powders, sintering; thin film deposition: evaporation and sputtering techniques, and chemical vapour deposition, thin film growth phenomena.

Section 6: Degradation of Materials

Corrosion and its prevention; embrittlement of metals; polymer degradation.

XE-D Solid Mechanics

Section 1: Mechanics of rigid bodies

Equivalent force systems; free-body diagrams; equilibrium equations; analysis of determinate trusses and frames; friction; principle of minimum potential energy; particle kinematics and dynamics; dynamics of rigid bodies under planar motion; law of conservation of energy; law of conservation of momentum.

Section 2: Mechanics of deformable bodies

Stresses and strains; transformation of stresses and strains, principal stresses and strains; Mohr’s circle for plane stress and plane strain; generalized Hooke’s Law; elastic constants; thermal stresses; theories of failure.

Axial force, shear force and bending moment diagrams; axial, shear and bending stresses; combined stresses; deflection (for symmetric bending); torsion in circular shafts; thin walled pressure vessels; energy methods (Castigliano’s theorems); Euler buckling.

Section 3: Vibrations

Free vibration of undamped single degree of freedom systems.

XE-E Thermodynamics

Section 1: Basic Concepts

Continuum and macroscopic approach; thermodynamic systems (closed and open); thermodynamic properties and equilibrium; state of a system, state postulate for simple compressible substances, state diagrams, paths and processes on state diagrams; concepts of heat and work, different modes of work; zeroth law of thermodynamics; concept of temperature.

Section 2: First Law of Thermodynamics

Concept of energy and various forms of energy; internal energy, enthalpy; specific heats; first law applied to elementary processes, closed systems and control volumes, steady and unsteady flow analysis.

Section 3: Second Law of Thermodynamics

Limitations of the first law of thermodynamics, concepts of heat engines and heat pumps/refrigerators, Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements and their equivalence; reversible and irreversible processes; Carnot cycle and Carnot principles/theorems; thermodynamic temperature scale; Clausius inequality and concept of entropy; microscopic interpretation of entropy, the principle of increase of entropy, T-s diagrams; second law analysis of control volume; availability and irreversibility; third law of thermodynamics.

Section 4: Properties of Pure Substances

Thermodynamic properties of pure substances in solid, liquid and vapor phases; PvT behaviour of simple compressible substances, phase rule, thermodynamic property tables and charts, ideal and real gases, ideal gas equation of state and van der Waals equation of state; law of corresponding states, compressibility factor and generalized compressibility chart.

Section 5: Thermodynamic Relations

TdS relations, Helmholtz and Gibbs functions, Gibbs relations, Maxwell relations, Joule- Thomson coefficient, coefficient of volume expansion, adiabatic and isothermal compressibilities, Clapeyron and Clapeyron-Clausius equations.

Section 6: Thermodynamic Cycles

Carnot vapor cycle, ideal Rankine cycle, Rankine reheat cycle, air-standard Otto cycle, air- standard Diesel cycle, air-standard Brayton cycle, vapor-compression refrigeration cycle.

Section 7: Ideal Gas Mixtures

Dalton’s and Amagat’s laws, properties of ideal gas mixtures, air-water vapor mixtures and simple thermodynamic processes involving them; specific and relative humidities, dew point and wet bulb temperature, adiabatic saturation temperature, psychrometric chart.

XE-F Polymer Science and Engineering

Section 1: Chemistry of High Polymers

Monomers, functionality, degree of polymerizations, classification of polymers, glass transition, melting transition, criteria for rubberiness, polymerization methods: addition and condensation; their kinetics, metallocene polymers and other newer methods of polymerization, copolymerization, monomer reactivity ratios and its significance, kinetics, different copolymers, random, alternating, azeotropic copolymerization, block and graft copolymers, techniques for polymerization-bulk, solution, suspension, emulsion. Concept of intermolecular order (morphology) – amorphous, crystalline, orientation states. Factor affecting crystallinity. Crystalline transition. Effect of morphology on polymer properties.

Section 2: Polymer Characterization

Solubility and swelling, Concept of molecular weight distribution and its significance, concept of average molecular weight, determination of number average, weight average, viscosity average and Z-average molecular weights, polymer crystallinity, analysis of polymers using IR, XRD, thermal (DSC, DMTA, TGA), microscopic (optical and electronic) techniques, Molecular wt. distribution: Broad and Narrow, GPC, Mooney viscosity.

Section 3: Synthesis, Manufacturing and Properties

Commodity and general purpose thermoplastics: PE, PP, PS, PVC, Polyesters, Acrylic, PU polymers. Engineering Plastics: Nylon, PC, PBT, PSU, PPO, ABS, Fluoropolymers Thermosetting polymers: Polyurethane, PF, MF, UF, Epoxy, Unsaturated polyester, Alkyds. Natural and synthetic rubbers: Recovery of NR hydrocarbon from latex; SBR, Nitrile, CR, CSM, EPDM, IIR, BR, Silicone, TPE, Speciality plastics: PEK, PEEK, PPS, PSU, PES, etc. Biopolymers such as PLA, PHA/PHB.

Section 4: Polymer Blends and Composites

Difference between blends and composites, their significance, choice of polymers for blending, blend miscibility-miscible and immiscible blends, thermodynamics, phase morphology, polymer alloys, polymer eutectics, plastic-plastic, rubber-plastic and rubber- rubber blends, FRP, particulate, long and short fibre reinforced composites. Polymer reinforcement, reinforcing fibres – natural and synthetic, base polymer for reinforcement (unsaturated polyester), ingredients / recipes for reinforced polymer composite.

Section 5: Polymer Technology

Polymer compounding-need and significance, different compounding ingredients for rubber and plastics (Antioxidants, Light stabilizers, UV stabilizers, Lubricants, Processing aids, Impact modifiers, Flame retardant, antistatic agents. PVC stabilizers and Plasticizers) and their function, use of carbonblack, polymer mixing equipments, cross-linking and vulcanization, vulcanization kinetics.

Section 6: Polymer Rheology

Flow of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, different flow equations, dependence of shear modulus on temperature, molecular/segmental deformations at different zones and transitions. Measurements of rheological parameters by capillary rotating, parallel plate, cone-plate rheometer. Visco-elasticity-creep and stress relaxations, mechanical models, control of rheological characteristics through compounding, rubber curing in parallel plate viscometer, ODR and MDR.

Section 7: Polymer Processing

Compression molding, transfer molding, injection molding, blow molding, reaction injection molding, filament winding, SMC, BMC, DMC, extrusion, pultrusion, calendaring, rotational molding, thermoforming, powder coating, rubber processing in two-roll mill, internal mixer, twin screw extruder.

Section 8: Polymer Testing

Mechanical-static and dynamic tensile, flexural, compressive, abrasion, endurance, fatigue, hardness, tear, resilience, impact, toughness. Conductivity-thermal and electrical, dielectric constant, dissipation factor, power factor, electric resistance, surface resistivity, volume resistivity, swelling, ageing resistance, environmental stress cracking resistance, limiting oxygen index. Heat deflection temperature – Vicat softening temperature, Brittleness temperature, Glass transition temperature, Co-efficient of thermal expansion, Shrinkage, Flammability, dielectric constant, dissipation factor, power factor, Optical Properties – Refractive Index, Luminous Transmittance and Haze, Melt flow index.

Section 9: Polymer Recycling and Waste management

Polymer waste, and its impact on environment, Sources, Identification and Separation techniques, recycling classification, recycling of thermoplastics, thermosets and rubbers, applications of recycled materials. Life cycle assessment of polymer products (case studies like PET bottles, packaging bags).

XE-G Food Technology

Section 1: Food Chemistry and Nutrition

Carbohydrates: Structure and functional properties of mono-, oligo-, C poly- saccharides including starch, cellulose, pectic substances and dietary fibre, gelatinization and retrogradation of starch.

Proteins: classification and structure of proteins in food, biochemical changes in post mortem and tenderization of muscles.

Lipids: Classification and structure of lipids, rancidity, polymerization and polymorphism. Pigments: carotenoids, chlorophylls, anthocyanins, tannins and myoglobin.

Food Flavours: Terpenes, esters, aldehydes, ketones and quinines. Enzymes: specificity, simple and inhibition kinetics, coenzymes, enzymatic and non- enzymatic browning.

Nutrition: Balanced diet, essential amino acids and essential fatty acids, protein efficiency ratio, water soluble and fat soluble vitamins, role of minerals in nutrition, co- factors, anti- nutrients, nutraceuticals, nutrient deficiency diseases.

Chemical and Biochemical Changes: Changes occurring in foods during different processing.

Section 2: Food Microbiology

Characteristics of Microorganisms: Morphology of bacteria, yeast, mold and actinomycetes, spores and vegetative cells, gram-staining.

Microbial Growth: Growth and death kinetics, serial dilution technique.

Food Spoilage: Spoilage microorganisms in different food products including milk, fish, meat, egg, cereals and their products.

Toxins   from      Microbes: Pathogens and non-pathogens including Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia, Bacillus, Clostridium, and Aspergillus genera.

Fermented Foods and Beverages: Curd, yoghurt, cheese, pickles, soya-sauce, sauerkraut, idli,

dosa, vinegar, alcoholic beverages and sausage.

Section 3: Food Products Technology

Processing Principles: Thermal processing, chilling, freezing, dehydration, addition of preservatives and food additives, irradiation, fermentation, hurdle technology, intermediate moisture foods. Food pack aging and storage: packaging materials, aseptic packaging, controlled and modified atmosphere storage. Cereal processing and products: milling of rice, wheat, and maize, parboiling of paddy, bread, biscuits, extruded products and ready to eat breakfast cereals.

Oil Processing: Expelling, solvent extraction, refining and hydrogenation.

Fruits and Vegetables Processing: Extraction, clarification, concentration and packaging of fruit juice, jam, jelly, marmalade, squash, candies, tomato sauce, ketchup, and puree, potato chips, pickles.

 Plantation crops processing and products: Tea, coffee, cocoa, spice, extraction of essential oils and oleoresins from spices.

Milk and Milk Products Processing: Pasteurization and sterilization, cream, butter, ghee, ice- cream, cheese and milk powder. Processing of animal products: drying, canning, and freezing of fish and meat; production of egg powder.

Waste Utilization: Pectin from fruit wastes, uses of by-products from rice milling.

Food standards and Ǫuality Maintenance: FPO, PFA, A-Mark, ISI, HACCP, food plant sanitation and cleaning in place (CIP).

Section 4: Food Engineering

Mass and energy balance.

Momentum Transfer: Flow rate and pressure drop relationships for Newtonian fluids flowing through pipe, Reynolds number. Heat transfer: heat transfer by conduction, convection, radiation, heat exchangers.

Mass Transfer: Molecular diffusion and Flick’s law, conduction and convective mass transfer, permeability through single and multilayer films.

Mechanical Operations: Size reduction of solids, high pressure homogenization, filtration, centrifugation, settling, sieving, mixing C agitation of liquid. Thermal operations: thermal sterilization, evaporation of liquid foods, hot air drying of solids, spray and freeze-drying, freezing and crystallization.

Mass Transfer Operations: Psychometric, humidification and dehumidification operations.

XE-H Atmospheric and Oceanic Science

Section A: Atmospheric Science

Vertical Structure and Composition of the Atmosphere; Blackbody Radiation and Radiation Balance; Modes of Heat Transfer in the Atmosphere; Greenhouse Effect; Cloud Types; Laws of Thermodynamics; Gas Laws; Hydrostatic Equation; Clausius Clapeyron Equation; Adiabatic Processes, Humidity in the Atmosphere, Atmospheric Stability; Weather and Climate.

Navier-Stokes and Continuity Equations; Compressible and Incompressible Fluids; Pressure Gradient, Centripetal, Centrifugal and Coriolis Forces; Geostrophic, Gradient and Cyclostrophic Balances; Circulations and Vorticity, General Circulation of the Atmosphere. Broad Features of Indian Monsoons, Monsoon Depressions; Tropical Convergence Zones; Tropical Cyclones.

Section B: Ocean Sciences

Vertical Profiles of Temperature and Salinity; Stability and Double Diffusion; Equation of State, Equations for Conservation of Mass, Momentum, Heat and Salt; Inertial Currents; Geostrophic Motion; Air-Sea Surface Fluxes; Wind-driven Circulation, Ekman and Sverdrup Transports; Storm Surges, Tides, Tsunamis and Wind Waves; Eddies and Gyres; Eastern and Western Boundary Currents, Equatorial Currents, Indian Ocean Current Systems; Thermohaline Circulation.

Chemical Properties of Seawater, Major and Minor Elements, Ocean Acidification, Biochemical Cycling of Nutrients, Trace Metals and Organic Matter. Biological Pump; Primary and Secondary Biological Productivity; Air-sea Exchange of Biogenic Dissolved Gases; Marine Ecology.

XE-I Energy Science

Section 1: Energy Resources and Conversion Technologies

Fossil energy resources: R/P ratio, estimation of reserves, unconventional fossil resources (coal bed methane, shale gas, gas hydrates, frozen methane), peak oil theory.

Nuclear energy resources: Energy-mass relation, nuclear reaction conservation laws, binding energy and Ǫ-values, radioactive decay, fission and fusion.

Solar thermal systems: Solar radiation distribution and measurement, solar geometry, optical efficiency, thermal efficiency, energy conversation for solar thermal collectors, flat plate collectors, evacuated tube collectors, solar air heaters, concentrating collectors.

Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems: I-V characteristics, efficiency, fill factor, series and parallel connections, sizing of PV systems (load factor, days of autonomy, battery size, inverter size, PV array size), maximum power point tracking.

Biomass: Biomass resources, biomass composition, characterisation, conversion methods (pyrolysis, gasification, steam reforming), biofuels.

Wind energy conversion systems: Wind resource analysis, types and characteristics of wind turbines, Betz limit, wind turbine motor design considerations, blade profile, wind energy generators.

Hydropower: Hydro resources, hydro power plants, turbines (Pelton, Kaplan, Francis), small hydro systems.

Section 2: Energy Storage, Economics, Environment, and Efficiency

Energy storage systems: Batteries (capacity, C-rate, state of charge, state of health, depth of discharge, energy and power densities); conservation of energy and mass for thermal energy storage, pumped hydro storage, and compressed air storage; charging, discharging, and round- trip efficiency.

Economic analysis of energy systems: Simple Payback Period, Time Value of Money, Discount rate, Present Worth Factor, Capital Recovery Factor, Life Cycle Costing, Internal Rate of Return, Net Present Value, Annual Worth, Cost of Saved Energy, Levelized Cost of Energy.

Environmental impacts of energy use: Air pollution (SOx, NOx, CO, particulates), greenhouse gas emissions and their sources, emission factors and inventories.

Energy management: Energy auditing (methodology, analysis of past trends plants data), electrical systems (demand side management, power factor correction), motor efficiency testing, energy efficient motors, lighting (lighting levels, efficient options, fixtures, daylighting, timers), thermal and mechanical systems (insulation, compressors, pumps, boiler, heating and cooling systems).

How Should I Start My GATE Engg. Sciences (XE) Preparation

In our experience, there are 5 different categories of students preparing for GATE Engg. Sciences (XE). Identify your category and prepare accordingly.

Best GATE Engg. Sciences (XE) Classes In India

• There are a lot of good classes and a lot of not good classes. So it is very important to understand how to figure out the best GATE Engg. Sciences (XE) Class.
• Remember what works for Jack will not work for Jill, as both may have different competency levels and learning abilities.
• Some of the good classes conduct GATE Engg. Sciences (XE) Coaching in large Classrooms. They also spend over a hundred hours on a single subject. These classes are good for students who require both Engineering Coaching and GATE Engg. Sciences (XE) Coaching. The downside of this kind of approach is that, students end up wasting more time in note making and learning concepts and less time in gate level stuffs.

Years Of Experience In Conducting GATE Engg. Sciences (XE) Classes Mostly Into All Of The Main Cities Of India As Well As Great Enthusiasm Of All Of Our IITian Faculty, Has Helped Us Develop The Best Classroom Teaching System At CAREER AVENUES.

About Career Avenues Classroom Teaching System:

• Smaller batches of 25 to 50 students.
• More personal attention by faculty.
• Doubt solving done immediately in classes.
• Easy Student-Faculty interaction.
• Printed notes provided to students (saves time from useless note taking).
• Class focus is explaining concepts and checking if students have understood the concept accurately.
• A large number of GATE Engg. Sciences (XE) questions solved in class with the faculty.
• So classes starts with concepts and ensures every student reaches GATE Engg. Sciences (XE) level.

Here are details about Career Avenues Video Lectures for GATE Engg. Sciences (XE).

1. Videos covering complete GATE Engg. Sciences (XE) syllabus including core technical areas and General Aptitude.
2. Videos made by faculty who teach in our GATE Engg. Sciences (XE) classes.
3. Videos divided into small modules of GATE Engg. Sciences (XE) concepts for easy understanding.
4. Videos of actual GATE Engg. Sciences (XE) Questions and Solutions to ensure you stay GATE Engg. Sciences (XE) focused.
5. Video available to be seen online on a secure encrypted Pen Drive (USB).
6. Free Online Test Series with Video Courses.