Click on the relevant links given below to access Past GATE Engg Sciences Papers & Answer Keys of any GATE 2018, GATE 2017, GATE 2016, GATE 2015, GATE 2014 & GATE 2013 years of your choice.

GATE Engg Sciences Past Papers & Answer Keys

•  iven below are the links to GATE Engg Sciences papers and their answer keys for years 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 & 2018 as published by the IITs.
• Going through the test papers will give you an excellent idea about the nature of GATE, the level of difficulty, the type of questions, etc.
• It would be best that you try to answer these tests seriously in a 3-hour period to get the maximum benefit out of it.

GATE 2018 Engg. Sciences Paper
XE-A-GATE-2018-Paper
XE-B-GATE-2018-Paper
XE-C-GATE-2018-Paper
XE-D-GATE-2018-Paper
XE-E-GATE-2018-Paper
XE-F-GATE-2018-Paper
XE-G-GATE-2018-Paper
XE-H-GATE-2018-Paper

GATE 2018 Engg. Sciences Answer Key
XE-GATE-2018-Answer-Key

GATE 2017 Engg. Sciences Paper
XE-A-GATE-2017-Paper
XE-B-GATE-2017-Paper
XE-C-GATE-2017-Paper
XE-D-GATE-2017-Paper
XE-E-GATE-2017-Paper
XE-F-GATE-2017-Paper
XE-G-GATE-2017-Paper
XE-H-GATE-2017-Paper

GATE 2017 Engg. Sciences Answer Key
XE-GATE-2017-Answer-Key

GATE 2016 Engg. Sciences Paper
XE-A-GATE-2016-Paper
XE-B-GATE-2016-Paper
XE-C-GATE-2016-Paper
XE-D-GATE-2016-Paper
XE-E-GATE-2016-Paper
XE-F-GATE-2016-Paper
XE-G-GATE-2016-Paper

GATE 2016 Engg. Sciences Answer Key
XE-GATE-2016-Answer-Key

GATE 2015 Engg. Sciences Paper
XE-A-GATE-2015-Paper
XE-B-GATE-2015-Paper
XE-C-GATE-2015-Paper
XE-D-GATE-2015-Paper
XE-E-GATE-2015-Paper
XE-F-GATE-2015-Paper

GATE 2015 Engg. Sciences Answer Key
XE1-GATE-2015-Answer-Keys

GATE 2014 Engg. Sciences Paper
GATE 2014 Engg. Sciences Anwer Key

GATE 2013 Engg. Sciences Paper
GATE 2013 Engg. Sciences Answer Key

GATE XL Exam Pattern/ Structure

GATE Life Science (XL) Test/Exam Pattern (Based on last 3 years papers)
GATE General Aptitude + Chemistry Questions:

Exam/Test/Paper contains 25(out of 65) questions that test the “General Aptitude + Chemistry” (language and analytic skills, Atomic Structure and Periodicity, Structure and Bonding, s, p and d Block Elements, Chemical Equilibria, Electrochemistry, Reaction Kinetics, Thermodynamics, Structure-Reactivity Correlations and Organic Reaction Mechanisms)and carry a total of 40 marks (out of 100), apart from the core subject of Life Science (XL).

GATE Life Science (XL) Questions:

Exam/Test/Paper contains 40 (out of 65) questions that test the “Tech” (any 2 sections out of 5 –> Biochemistry, Microbiology, Botany, Zoology, and Food Technology)and carry a total of 60 marks (out of 100).

Duration and examination type: The examination is of 3 hours duration, and contains a total of 65 questions worth a maximum of 100 marks. From 2014 onward, the examination for all the papers is carried out in an online Computer Based Test (CBT) mode where the candidates are shown the questions in a random sequence on a computer screen. The questions consist of both multiple choice questions (four answer options out of which the correct one has to be chosen) and numerical answer type questions (answer is a real number, to be entered via an on-screen keypad and computer mouse). Candidates are provided with scribble pads for rough work and these have to be returned after the examination. At the end of the 3-hour window, the computer automatically closes the screen from further actions.

5 Very Important & Best Tips To Crack GATE Life Sciences (XL)

How Should I Plan My GATE Life Sciences (XL) Preparation

In our experience, there are 5 different stages in which students find themselves while preparing for GATE Life Sciences (XL). Identify your stage and plan accordingly.

Best Test Series For GATE Life Sciences (XL) Exam Preparation In India.

There are many good Test Series for GATE Life Sciences (XL) Exam Preparation. But student should be able to identify the good and the not so good test series before making a purchase.

The key points to note are –

1. Many Test Series are very tough and are not of GATE Life Sciences (XL) level. Most Questions of GATE Life Sciences (XL) can be solved in maximum of 3-4 minutes. But if a test series gives questions which a student will take many steps to calculate and 8-10 minutes to solve, then test series is not having GATE Life Sciences (XL) type of questions.
2. Many institutes who train both for GATE and IES mix questions from both types of tests.
   This is not a good test series as the type and style of questions of both exams are different.
3. Blocking Test Series:
   Some institutes have a practice of blocking your test series if you do not submit your GATE Admit Card details. This is an illegal practice. When you have purchased a product, at no point does any institute have the right to block access on such frivolous grounds.
4. CAREER AVENUES provides an excellent Test Series for the GATE Life Sciences (XL) Branch.

Here are the features of Career Avenues GATE Life Sciences (XL) Test Series.

1. GATE Life Sciences (XL) like platform including virtual calculator.
2. Strong GATE Life Sciences (XL) test analysis that help you understand your strong and weak areas.
3. Require very little internet bandwidth.
4. Can be answered on Smart-Phones as well.
5. All numerical questions with detailed explanations.
6. All India Rankings for select mock papers.
7. Questions made by GATE Life Sciences (XL) toppers, of the perfect level.

NPTEL Videos And GATE Life Sciences (XL) Exam Preparation

1. NPTEL Videos are great videos for learning a subject. They have been made by the best teachers in India, and are very detailed.
   However, in our opinion, they are only partly useful for GATE Life Sciences (XL) exam prepararion.
2. The NPTEL Videos were not made from the perspective to coach for GATE Life Sciences (XL). They were made to teach/explain a subject. It is similar to subject books written by good authors. They teach the entire subject.
3. But GATE Life Sciences (XL) is focused on a few parts of the subject and is more application oriented.
4. So you should ideally use some GATE Life Sciences (XL) focused study material or Video Lectures to prepare for GATE Life Sciences (XL). In parts of the subject where you may want to go in depth, you may refer to NPTEL Videos.

It Is Very Important That Students Use GATE Life Sciences (XL) Focused Video Lectures. That Being So, Our Dedicated IITian Faculties At CAREER AVENUES With Years Of Experience While Facilitating GATE Life Sciences (XL) Coaching, Have Prepared Comprehensive Videos Focused On GATE Life Sciences (XL) Exam.

Being a GATE aspirant, it is very important that you first know what is the syllabus for GATE Life Science (XL) Examination before you start preparation.

Keep handy the updated copy of GATE Life Science (XL) Examination syllabus.

Go through the complete and updated syllabus, highlight important subjects and topics based on Past GATE Life Science (XL) Papers and Weightage plus your understanding of particular subject or topic.

Keep tracking and prioritising your preparation-to-do list and the syllabus for the GATE Life Science (XL) examination.

GATE 2018 Life Science (XL) Syllabus
XL-P Chemistry (Compulsory for all XL candidates)

Section 1: Atomic Structure and Periodicity

Planck’s quantum theory, wave particle duality, uncertainty principle, comparison between Bohr’s model and quantum mechanical model of hydrogen atom, electronic configuration of atoms and ions. Hund’s rule and Pauli’s exclusion principle. Periodic table and periodic properties: ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity and atomic size.

Section 2: Structure and Bonding

Ionic and covalent bonding, MO and VB approaches for diatomic molecules, VSEPR theory and shape of molecules, hybridization, resonance, dipole moment, structure parameters such as bond length, bond angle and bond energy, hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions. Ionic solids, ionic radii and lattice energy (Born‐Haber cycle). HSAB principle.

Section 3: s, p and d Block Elements

Oxides, halides and hydrides of alkali, alkaline earth metals, B, Al, Si, N, P, and S. General characteristics of 3d elements. Coordination complexes: valence bond and crystal field theory, colour, geometry, magnetic properties and isomerism.

Section 4: Chemical Equilibria

Osmotic pressure, elevation of boiling point and depression of freezing point, ionic equilibria in solution, solubility product, common ion effect, hydrolysis of salts, pH, buffer and their applications. Equilibrium constants (Kc, Kp, and KX) for homogeneous reactions.

Section 5: Electrochemistry

Conductance, Kohlrausch law, cell potentials, EMF, Nernst equation, thermodynamic aspects and their applications.

Section 6: Reaction Kinetics

Rate constant, order of reaction, molecularity, activation energy, zero, first and second order kinetics, catalysis and elementary enzyme reactions. Reversible and irreversible inhibition of enzymes.

Section 7: Thermodynamics

Ǫualitative treatment of state and path functions, First law, reversible and irreversible processes, internal energy, enthalpy, Kirchoff equation, heat of reaction, Hess’s law, heat of formation. Second law, entropy and free energy. Gibbs‐Helmholtz equation, free energy change and spontaneity, Free energy changes from equilibrium constant.

Section 8: Structure-Reactivity Correlations and Organic Reaction Mechanisms

Acids and bases, electronic and steric effects, Stereochemistry, optical and geometrical isomerism, tautomerism, conformers and concept of aromaticity. Elementary treatment of SN1, SN2, E1, E2 and radical reactions, Hoffmann/Saytzeff rules, addition reactions, Markownikoff rule and Kharasch effect. Elementary hydroboration reactions. Grignard’s reagents and their uses. Aromatic electrophilic substitutions, orientation effect as exemplified by various functional groups. Identification of common functional groups by chemical tests.

Section 9: Chemistry of Biomolecules

Amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids and nucleotides. Peptide sequencing by chemical and enzymatic proteolytic methods. DNA sequencing by chemical and enzymatic methods.

Carbohydrates (upto hexoses only). Lipids (triglycerides only). Principles of biomolecule purification-Ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Identification of these biomolecules and Beer-Lambert’s law.

XL-Q Biochemistry

Section 1

Organization of life; Importance of water; Structure and function of biomolecules: Amino acids, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic acids; Protein structure, folding/misfolding and function; Myoglobin, Hemoglobin, Lysozyme, Ribonuclease A, Carboxypeptidase and Chymotrypsin.

Section 2

Enzyme kinetics, regulation and inhibition; Vitamins and Coenzymes; Bioenergetics and metabolism; Generation and utilization of ATP; Metabolic pathways and their regulation: glycolysis, TCA cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phosphorylation, gluconeogenesis, glycogen and fatty acid metabolism; Metabolism of Nitrogen containing compounds: nitrogen fixation, amino acids and nucleotides. Photosynthesis, Calvin cycle.

Section 3

Biochemical separation techniques: Ion exchange, size exclusion and affinity chromatography, centrifugation; Characterization of biomolecules by electrophoresis; DNA- protein and protein – protein interactions; UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy; Mass spectrometry.

Section 4

Cell structure and organelles; Biological membranes; Action potential; Transport across membranes; Membrane assembly and Protein targeting; Signal transduction; Receptor- ligand interaction; Hormones and neurotransmitters.

Section 5

DNA replication, transcription and translation; DNA damage and repair; Biochemical regulation of gene expression; Recombinant DNA technology and applications: PCR, site directed mutagenesis, DNA-microarray; Next generation sequencing; Gene silencing and editing.

Section 6

Immune System: Innate and adaptive; Cell of the immune system; Active and passive immunity; Complement system; Antibody structure, function and diversity; B cell and T Cell receptors; B cell and T cell activation; Major histocompatibilty complex; Immunological techniques: Immuno diffusion, immune-electrophoresis, RIA and ELISA, flow cytometry; monoclonal antibodies and their applications.

XL-R Botany

Section 1: Plant Systematics

Botanical nomenclature, history of plant taxonomy, diversity and classification of plants, APG system of plant classification; phylogenetics and cladistics, molecular taxonomy and DNA barcoding; Centers for plant taxonomy and herbaria in India.

Section 2: Plant Anatomy

Anatomy of root, stem and leaves, floral organs, embryo and young seedlings, Primary and secondary meristems, stellar organization, vascular system and their ontogeny, xylem and phloem structure, secondary growth in plants and wood anatomy, plant cell structure and differences from animal cells.

Section 3: Plant Development; Cell and Tissue Morphogenesis

Life cycle of an angiosperm, development of male and female gametophyte; cell fate determination and tissue patterning; spacing mechanisms in trichomes and stomata. Embryogenesis, organization and function of shoot and root apical meristems. Transition to flowering: photoperiodism and vernalization, ABC model of floral organ patterning, pollen germination, double fertilization, seed development; Xylem and phloem cell differentiation, photomorphogenesis; phytochrome, cryptochrome, phototropin. Role of auxin, cytokinin, gibberellins, and brassinosteroids on plant development.

Section 4: Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Plant water relations, mechanisms of uptake and transport of water, ions, solutes from soil to plants, apoplastic and symplastic transport mechanisms. Mechanism of stomatal movements, nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis; C3, C4 and CAM cycles, photorespiration, respiration: glycolysis, TCA cycle and electron transport chain. Plant responses and mechanisms of abiotic stresses including drought, salinity, freezing and heat stress, metal toxicity; role of abscisic acid in abiotic stresses. Structure and function of biomolecules (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid), enzyme kinetics. Structure and biosynthesis of major plant secondary metabolites (alkaloids, terpenes, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids). Biosynthesis, mechanism of action and physiological effects of auxin, cytokinin, gibberellic acids, brassinosteroid, ethylene, strigolactone, abscisic acid, salicylic and jasmonic acid. Senescence and programmed cell death.

Section 5: Genetics and Genomics

Cell cycle and cell division. Principles of Mendelian inheritance, linkage, recombination, genetic mapping; extra chromosomal inheritance; Introduction to epigenetics; gene silencing- transgene silencing, post transcriptional gene silencing, miRNA and siRNA; evolution and

organization of eukaryotic genome structure, gene expression, gene mutation and repair, chromosomal aberrations (numerical: euploidy and aneuploidy and structural: deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation), transposons. Model organisms for functional genetics and genomics; Introduction to transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics.

Section 6: Plant Breeding, Genetic Modification, Genome Editing

Principles, methods – selection, hybridization, heterosis; male sterility, genetic maps and molecular markers, embryo rescue, haploid and doubled haploids, plant tissue culture: micropropagation, embryo culture and in vitro regeneration, somatic embryogenesis, artificial seed, cryopreservation, somaclonal variation, somatic cell hybridization, marker- assisted selection, gene transfer methods viz. direct and vector-mediated, generation of transgenic plants; Introduction to genome editing: CRISPR/Cas9, Cre-Lox system to generate chimeras; plastid transformation; chemical mutagenesis.

Section 7: Economic and Applied Botany

A general account of economically and medicinally important plants- cereals, pulses, plants yielding fibers, timber, sugar, beverages, oils, rubber, pigments, dyes, gums, drugs and narcotics. Economic importance of algae, fungi, lichen and bacteria. Major Indian cash crops. Effect of industrialization on agricultural botany such as plastic on fiber economy. Genetically modified crops and its regulation, e.g. Bt cotton, Bt brinjal, golden rice etc.

Section 8: Plant Pathology

Nature and classification of plant diseases, diseases of important crops caused by fungi, bacteria, nematodes and viruses, and their control measures (chemical and biological) mechanism(s) of pathogenesis, resistance: basal, systemic, induced systemic resistance, gene for gene concept. Molecular detection of pathogens; plant- microbe interactions: symbionts and mycorrhiza, pathogens and pests. Signaling pathways in plant defence response; salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) in plant- pathogen and plant-herbivore interaction, necrosis; host-parasitic plant interaction (such as Cuscuta).

Section 9: Ecology and Environment

Ecosystems – types, dynamics, degradation, biogeochemical cycles, ecological succession; food webs and energy flow through ecosystem; vegetation types of the world, Indian vegetation types and biogeographical zones, climate and flora endemism; pollution and global climate change, speciation and extinction, biodiversity and conservation strategies, ecological hotspots, afforestation, habitat restoration; plant interactions with other organisms; epiphytes, parasites and endophytes.

XL-S Microbiology

Section 1: Historical Perspective

Discovery of microbial world; Landmark discoveries relevant to the field of microbiology; Controversy over spontaneous generation; Role of microorganisms in transformation of organic matter and in the causation of diseases.

Section 2: Methods in Microbiology

Pure culture techniques; Principles of microbial nutrition; Enrichment culture techniques for isolation of microorganisms; antigen and antibody detection methods for microbial diagnosis; Light-, phase contrast-, fluorescence- and electron-microscopy; PCR, real-time PCR for quantitation of microbes; Next generation sequencing technologies in microbiology.

Section 3: Microbial Taxonomy and Diversity

Bacteria, Archea and their broad classification; Eukaryotic microbes: Yeasts, molds and protozoa; Viruses and their classification; Molecular approaches to microbial taxonomy and phylogeny.

Section 4: Prokaryotic Cells: Structure and Function

Prokaryotic Cells: Cell walls, cell membranes and their biosynthesis, mechanisms of solute transport across membranes, Flagella and Pili, Capsules, Cell inclusions like endospores and gas vesicles; Bacterial locomotion, including positive and negative chemotaxis.

Section 5: Microbial Growth

Definition of growth; Growth curve; Mathematical expression of exponential growth phase; Measurement of growth and growth yields; Synchronous growth; Continuous culture; Effect of environmental factors on growth; Bacterial biofilm and biofouling.

Section 6: Control of Micro-organisms

Disinfection and Sterilization: Principles, methods and assessment of efficacy.

Section 7: Microbial Metabolism

Energetics: redox reactions and electron carriers; Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation; An overview of metabolism; Glycolysis; Pentose-phosphate pathway; Entner-Doudoroff pathway; Glyoxalate pathway; The citric acid cycle; Fermentation; Aerobic and anaerobic respiration; Chemolithotrophy; Photosynthesis; Calvin cycle; Biosynthetic pathway for fatty acids synthesis; Common regulatory mechanisms in synthesis of amino acids; Regulation of major metabolic pathways.

Section 8: Microbial Diseases and Host Pathogen Interaction

Normal microbiota; Classification of infectious diseases; Reservoirs of infection; Nosocomial infection; Opportunistic infections; Emerging infectious diseases; Mechanism of microbial pathogenicity; Nonspecific defense of host; Antigens and antibodies; Humoral and cell mediated immunity; Vaccines; passive immunization; Immune deficiency; Human diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, and pathogenic fungi.

Section 9: Chemotherapy/Antibiotics

General characteristics of antimicrobial drugs; Antibiotics: Classification molecular mechanism of mode of action and resistance; Antifungal and antiviral drugs.

Section 10: Microbial Genetics

Types of mutation; UV and chemical mutagens; Selection of mutants; Ames test for mutagenesis; Bacterial genetic system: transformation, conjugation, transduction, recombination, plasmids, transposons; DNA repair; Regulation of gene expression: repression and induction; Operon model; Bacterial genome with special reference to E.coli; Phage λ and its life cycle; RNA ; mutation in virus genomes, virus recombination and reassortment; Basic concept of microbial genomics.

Section 11: Microbial Ecology

Microbial interactions; Carbon, sulphur and nitrogen cycles; Soil microorganisms associated with vascular plants; Bioremediation; Uncultivable microorganisms; basic concept of metagenomics and metatranscriptomics.

XL-T Zoology

Section 1: Animal Diversity

Distribution, systematics and classification of animals, phylogenetic relationships (based on classical and molecular phylogenetic tools).

Section 2: Evolution

Origin and history of life on earth, theories of evolution, natural selection, adaptation, speciation.

Section 3: Genetics

Basic Principles of inheritance, molecular basis of heredity, sex determination and sex- linked characteristics, cytoplasmic inheritance, linkage, recombination and mapping of genes in eukaryotes, population genetics, genetic disorders, roles of model organisms in understanding genetic principles.

Section 4: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates; replication, transcription and translation, Krebs cycle, glycolysis, enzyme catalysis, hormones and their actions, roles of vitamins and minerals.

Section 5: Cell Biology

Basic principles of cellular microscopy, structure of cell, cytoskeletal organization, cellular organelles and their structure and function, cell cycle, cell division, chromosomes and chromatin structure.

Section 6: Gene expression in Eukaryotes

Eukaryotic genome organization and regulation of gene expression, transposable elements.

Section 7: Animal Anatomy and Physiology

Comparative physiology, the respiratory system, Muscular system, circulatory system, digestive system, the nervous system, the excretory system, the endocrine system, the reproductive system, the skeletal system.

Section 8: Parasitology and Immunology

Nature of parasite, host-parasite relation, protozoan and helminthic parasites, the immune response, cellular and humoral immune response.

Section G: Development Biology

Gametogenesis, Embryonic development, cellular differentiation, organogenesis, metamorphosis, Model organisms used in developmental biology, genetic and molecular basis of development, stem cells.

Section 10: Ecology

The ecosystem, Animal distribution, ecological niche and its contribution to ecological diversity, the food chain, population dynamics, species diversity, zoogeography, biogeochemical cycles, conservation biology, ecotoxicology.

Section 11: Animal Behaviour

Type of behaviours, courtship, mating and territoriality, instinct, learning and memory, social behaviour across the animal taxa, communication, pheromones, evolution of behavior in animals.

XL-U Food Technology

Section 1: Food Chemistry and Nutrition

Carbohydrates: Structure and functional properties of mono-, oligo-, & poly- saccharides including starch, cellulose, pectic substances and dietary fibre, gelatinization and retrogradation of starch. Proteins: classification and structure of proteins in food, biochemical changes in post mortem and tenderization of muscles. Lipids: classification and structure of lipids, rancidity, polymerization and polymorphism. Pigments: carotenoids, chlorophylls, anthocyanins, tannins and myoglobin. Food flavours: terpenes, esters, aldehydes, ketones and quinines. Enzymes: specificity, simple and inhibition kinetics, coenzymes, enzymatic and non- enzymatic browning. Nutrition: balanced diet, essential amino acids and essential fatty acids, protein efficiency ratio, water soluble and fat soluble vitamins, role of minerals in nutrition, co-factors, anti-nutrients, nutraceuticals, nutrient deficiency diseases. Chemical and biochemical changes: changes occur in foods during different processing.

Section 2: Food Microbiology

Characteristics of Microorganisms: Morphology of bacteria, yeast, mold and actinomycetes, spores and vegetative cells, gram-staining. Microbial growth: growth and death kinetics, serial dilution technique. Food spoilage: spoilage microorganisms in different food products including milk, fish, meat, egg, cereals and their products. Toxins from microbes: pathogens and non-pathogens including Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Shebelle, Escherichia, Bacillus, Clostridium, and Aspergillums genera. Fermented foods and beverages: curd, yoghurt, cheese, pickles, soya-sauce, sauerkraut, idly, dose, vinegar, alcoholic beverages and sausage.

Section 3: Food Products Technology

Processing Principles: Thermal processing, chilling, freezing, dehydration, addition of preservatives and food additives, irradiation, fermentation, hurdle technology, intermediate moisture foods. Food pack aging and storage: packaging materials, aseptic packaging, controlled and modified atmosphere storage. Cereal processing and products: milling of rice, wheat, and maize, parboiling of paddy, bread, biscuits, extruded products and ready to eat breakfast cereals. Oil processing: expelling, solvent extraction, refining and hydrogenation. Fruits and vegetables processing: extraction, clarification, concentration and packaging of fruit juice, jam, jelly, marmalade, squash, candies, tomato sauce, ketchup, and puree, potato chips, pickles. Plantation crops processing and products: tea, coffee, cocoa, spice, extraction of essential oils and oleoresins from spices. Milk and milk products processing: pasteurization and sterilization, cream, butter, ghee, ice- cream, cheese and milk powder. Processing of animal products: drying, canning, and freezing of fish and meat; production of egg powder. Waste utilization: pectin from fruit astes, uses of by-products from rice milling. Food standards and quality maintenance: FPO, PFA, A-Mark, ISI, HACCP, food plant sanitation and cleaning in place (CIP).

Section 4: Food Engineering

Mass and energy balance: Momentum transfer: Flow rate and pressure drop relationships for Newtonian fluids flowing through pipe, Reynolds number. Heat transfer: heat transfer by conduction, convection, radiation, heat exchangers. Mass transfer: molecular diffusion and Flick’s law, conduction and convective mass transfer, permeability through single and multilayer films. Mechanical operations: size reduction of solids, high pressure homogenization, filtration, centrifugation, settling, sieving, mixing & agitation of liquid. Thermal operations: thermal sterilization, evaporation of liquid foods, hot air drying of solids, spray and freeze-drying, freezing and crystallization. Mass transfer operations: psychometric, humidification and dehumidification operations.

When Should I Start Preparation For GATE Life Sciences (XL)

The best time to start preparing for GATE Life Sciences (XL) is the first time you heard or thought about it while purshuing graduate degree in engineering. Now as per our experience, there are mainly 5 different time-period in which students normally hear or think about GATE Life Sciences (XL) Exam. Identify your time-period and start preparing accordingly.

Steps And Strategy To Prepare For GATE Life Science (XL) Exam

1. Take a diagnostic test – best diagnostic test is a GATE paper of any of the previous 3 years.
2. Note down what you have scored and what was the actual GATE qualifying score cut-off. Note that qualification does not help you much. What you need is a good score. So note the good score mentioned above and measure the gap between your score and a good score.
3. Note the GATE syllabus and mark your topics that you are good at. First try to master subjects that you are good at.
4. However, some subjects have a high weightage. So you should definitely prepare these.
5. General Aptitude does not require preparation. It requires practice. So just practice solving Aptitude questions every day for 30 minutes.
6. Take lots of section tests and Mocks. Career Avenues provides an excellent test series for GATE Life Science (XL). For more details click here.
7. In case you require focused GATE study material and books, you should take Career Avenues GATE Life Science (XL) study material which has been made by IIT alumni and is focused towards GATE. For more details click here.

Best Study Material For GATE Life Sciences (XL) Exam Preparation In India

There are two types of GATE Life Sciences (XL) Exam Preparation Study Material:

1. Single Books for entire GATE Life Sciences (XL) Branch
   &
2. A Set Of Books (typically broken-up subject wise) for GATE Life Sciences (XL) Branch.

About GATE Life Sciences

• Life Science (XL) is a code of GATE paper and not a science or engineering branch. Students applying for Life Science paper can apply for various M.Tech courses in all IITs and NITs.
• Students pursuing B.Tech or B. E. in biotechnology or M.Sc. in Science related subjects can appear for the Life Science paper, as long as they match it with the entry criteria to the M.Tech specialization of their choice. The test has 2 compulsory parts in Chemistry and General Aptitude. Then the student has to choose 2 from the 5 optional subjects. The subjects are Botany, Zoology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Food Technology.
• Students who qualify in the GATE exam can apply to these colleges.
• Career Avenues GATE Coaching provides best training for GATE Life Sciences through its various programs.
• Our students have consistently secured within AIR 50, over the last many years.
• You can find more details using link given below:

Go To Main GATE Life Sciences Page   If you wish to know more about GATE Life Sciences Tests, GATE 2019, GATE 2020 and GATE 2021 Coaching, Study Material, Books, Videos & Tests Courses then click on the quick links given at the bottom of this page. If you have any questions regarding GATE Life Sciences Course Enrollment you can Call Us or Whatsapp Chat With Us or Message Us; details are given at the bottom of this page. Furthermore; you can visit any of our Mumbai GATE Coaching, Delhi GATE Coaching, Chennai GATE Coaching, Chandigarh GATE Coaching, Ludhiana GATE Coaching, Jalandhar GATE Coaching, Hyderabad GATE Coaching and Trivandtrum GATE Coaching center office for counseling.

Best Books To Prepare For GATE Life Sciences (XL) Examination

How Should I Start My GATE Life Sciences (XL) Preparation

In our experience, there are 5 different categories of students preparing for GATE Life Sciences (XL). Identify your category and prepare accordingly.

Best GATE Life Sciences (XL) Classes In India

• There are a lot of good classes and a lot of not good classes. So it is very important to understand how to figure out the best GATE Life Sciences (XL) Class.
• Remember what works for Jack will not work for Jill, as both may have different competency levels and learning abilities.
• Some of the good classes conduct GATE Life Sciences (XL) Coaching in large Classrooms. They also spend over a hundred hours on a single subject. These classes are good for students who require both Engineering Coaching and GATE Life Sciences (XL) Coaching. The downside of this kind of approach is that, students end up wasting more time in note making and learning concepts and less time in gate level stuffs.

Years Of Experience In Conducting GATE Life Sciences (XL) Classes Mostly Into All Of The Main Cities Of India As Well As Great Enthusiasm Of All Of Our IITian Faculty, Has Helped Us Develop The Best Classroom Teaching System At CAREER AVENUES.

About Career Avenues Classroom Teaching System:

• Smaller batches of 25 to 50 students.
• More personal attention by faculty.
• Doubt solving done immediately in classes.
• Easy Student-Faculty interaction.
• Printed notes provided to students (saves time from useless note taking).
• Class focus is explaining concepts and checking if students have understood the concept accurately.
• A large number of GATE Life Sciences (XL) questions solved in class with the faculty.
• So classes starts with concepts and ensures every student reaches GATE Life Sciences (XL) level.

Here are details about Career Avenues Video Lectures for GATE Life Sciences (XL).

1. Videos covering complete GATE Life Sciences (XL) syllabus including core technical areas and General Aptitude.
2. Videos made by faculty who teach in our GATE Life Sciences (XL) classes.
3. Videos divided into small modules of GATE Life Sciences (XL) concepts for easy understanding.
4. Videos of actual GATE Life Sciences (XL) Questions and Solutions to ensure you stay GATE Life Sciences (XL) focused.
5. Video available to be seen online on a secure encrypted Pen Drive (USB).
6. Free Online Test Series with Video Courses.